1839*
Robert Smalls was a Civil War hero and Reconstruction congress man.
1856*
Booker Taliaferro Washington born a slave in Hale's Ford, Virginia.
1937*
Colin Luther Powell was born on this day.
1976*
FBI documents, released in response to a freedom of information suit, revealed that the government mounted an intensive campaign against civil rights organizations in the sixties.
In a letter dated August 25, 1967, the FBI said the government operation, called COINTELPRO, was designed "to expose, disrupt, misdirect, discredit or otherwise neutralize the activities of Black nationalists, hate-type groups, their leadership, spokesmen, membership and supporters, and to counter their propensity for violence and civil disorders."
A later telegram specifically named the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference as organizations having "radical and violence prone leaders, members and followers."
1977*
Gertrude Downing invented the corner cleaner attachment.
1990*
Jazz vocalist Sarah Vaughn dies
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